Gout Treatment in Arizona

Gout is a painful form of inflammatory arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals within the joints. This accumulation leads to sudden episodes of swelling, redness, and intense pain—most commonly in the joint of the big toe, although other joints, such as the ankle or knee, may also be affected.

While uric acid is typically present in the blood and eliminated in the urine, individuals with gout experience an accumulation and crystallization of uric acid. Uric acid arises from the breakdown of purines, naturally occurring chemicals found in the body and in certain foods. Factors such as impaired kidney function or excessive production of uric acid can contribute to the development of gout.

The condition commonly affects the big toe due to the sensitivity of uric acid to temperature changes, leading to crystal formation at lower temperatures. Moreover, the farthest distance of the toe from the heart makes it the coolest part of the body and thus more susceptible to gout. However, gout can impact any joint.

Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the accumulation of uric acid. Other risk factors include:

• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Stress 

Certain medications, such as aspirin, specific diuretics, and niacin, can also impair the body’s ability to eliminate uric acid. Although more prevalent in men aged 40 to 60, gout can occur in younger individuals, including both men and women.

Consumption of foods high in purines can trigger gout attacks. Some purine-rich foods are linked to increased uric acid levels, exacerbating gout. To reduce the risk of gout attacks, it is advisable to limit or avoid intake of shellfish, organ meats, red wine, beer, and red meat.

• Sudden, intense pain, often occurring at night or upon waking
• Signs of inflammation, such as redness, swelling, and warmth around the join

To diagnose gout, one of our foot and ankle specialists will inquire about personal and family medical history, followed by a joint examination. Additional laboratory tests and X-rays might be necessary to rule out other potential causes of inflammation.

• Medications: Prescription drugs or injections to alleviate pain, swelling, and inflammation
• Dietary adjustments: Avoiding purine-rich foods and beverages, as purines convert to uric acid in the body
• Hydration: Consuming ample water and fluids daily while refraining from alcoholic beverages to prevent dehydration
• Immobilization and elevation: Resting the foot by refraining from standing and walking, along with elevating the foot to minimize swelling