An ankle sprain occurs when one or more ligaments in the ankle are overstretched or torn, most commonly on the outer side of the joint. These ligaments are strong bands of tissue—similar to rubber bands—that connect bones and help stabilize the ankle. Their primary function is to prevent excessive side-to-side movement and maintain balance during motion.
The severity of a sprain depends on the extent of ligament damage, ranging from mild stretching to partial or complete tears. It’s important to distinguish ankle sprains from strains, however, as strains affect muscles rather than ligaments.
While many sprains heal with proper treatment and rehabilitation, some patients experience lingering weakness or a sensation that the ankle “gives way.” This condition, known as chronic ankle instability, often develops after repeated sprains or incomplete recovery from an initial injury. Over time, instability can lead to ongoing pain, swelling, and a higher risk of future sprains or cartilage damage.
Ankle sprains often occur when the ankle is suddenly forced out of its normal position—such as during a fall, quick change in direction, or sudden impact that twists the foot inward or outward. These injuries are common in sports and activities that involve running, jumping, or rapid pivoting, but they can also happen during everyday movements, especially on uneven surfaces or when wearing improper footwear.
Individuals with naturally weaker ankles, balance issues, or previous ankle injuries are more likely to experience sprains. Ankle instability can also result from incomplete healing after a previous sprain, poor neuromuscular control, or imbalances in the muscles and tendons that support the joint. Without proper rehabilitation and strengthening, this cycle of injury and re-injury can increase the risk of long-term instability, pain, and arthritis.
Ankle sprains and ankle instability can present with similar symptoms, especially in the early stages. However, a sprain is typically caused by a single injury, and instability often develops over time from repeated sprains or incomplete healing.
Common symptoms of an ankle sprain include:
In cases of ankle instability, symptoms may include:
At the Foot & Ankle Center of Arizona, diagnosis begins with a detailed review of your symptoms and a thorough physical examination to assess ligament strength, joint stability, and range of motion.
Advanced imaging—such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI scans—may be used to evaluate the extent of injury, detect hidden fractures, or identify ligament laxity in cases of chronic instability.
This precise evaluation allows our specialists to accurately diagnose the condition and create a personalized treatment plan for full recovery and lasting stability.
Most ankle sprains and cases of mild instability can be treated without surgery. As a first approach, your provider may recommend:
Our surgeons specialize in diagnosing and treating all levels of ankle sprains and instability—from mild ligament strains to complex, chronic conditions. We combine advanced imaging, evidence-based therapies, and minimally invasive surgical techniques to restore full strength, stability, and confidence in your movement. With a personalized, compassionate approach, we aim to help every patient return to an active, pain-free lifestyle, safely and without limitations.
